Southern Ontario is home to one of North America’s most iconic and powerful creatures: the black bear. It’s hard to explain to someone who has not experienced it, the awe of seeing black bear cubs crossing the road, while driving to the nearest town.
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Bear Facts
In this post, we will explore the hibernation cycles of the black bear, the best times to spot them, their cultural significance to the Ojibway/Anishinaabe people, the symbolism of bear constellations, how to stay safe during outdoor adventures, and useful items to carry in the event of a bear encounter.
It is a good feeling to know that we are still here together, sharing the same time and space. This is what, I believe, Dr. Jane Goodall would call a ‘Reason for hope‘ moment.
Black bears are magnificent beings, as with all wild life, respect and distance are the best interactions. With its distinctive appearance, keen senses, and seasonal behaviors, the black bear holds significant cultural and ecological importance.
Understanding the Black Bear of Southern Ontario
Black bears (Ursus americanus) are an essential part of the wildlife ecosystem in Southern Ontario. Although their name might suggest otherwise, black bears can appear in a variety of colors, including brown, cinnamon, and even blonde. These bears are primarily found in forested areas and are excellent swimmers and climbers.
Hibernation Cycles of Black Bears
One of the most fascinating behaviors of black bears is their hibernation cycle. In Southern Ontario, black bears typically begin hibernating in late November or early December when temperatures drop and food becomes scarce. They enter a state of torpor, which is a deep, sleep-like state where their heart rate, body temperature, and metabolism slow down.
Be aware that bears do not truly “hibernate” in the sense that other animals do; they can be awakened easily if disturbed, but they remain inactive for months.
Bears really are like us, they want o keep cozy until spring. Hibernation generally lasts from November to April, with the bear emerging in the spring. Cubs born during hibernation remain in the den until they are strong enough to leave with their mother. If you’re exploring the outdoors during these months, it’s important to avoid bear dens and be mindful of any signs of bear activity.
When to Expect Bear Sightings
After emerging from hibernation in the spring, black bears are most active during the warmer months, from April to October. This is the best time for bear sightings, particularly in the early morning or late evening when bears are foraging for food.
Late summer and early fall are especially busy for black bears as they prepare for hibernation by consuming large quantities of food, including berries, fruits, nuts, and even small mammals. This is why campers have to be especially careful about leaving their food in the open.
If you’re lucky enough to see a black bear in the wild, remember to keep a respectful distance, never approach, and avoid sudden movements.
The Black Bear in Ojibway/Anishinaabe Culture
The black bear holds a special place in the traditions and teachings of the Ojibway/Anishinaabe people. Known as “Makwa” in their language, the bear is revered for its strength, courage as a protector, and wisdom. It is considered a teacher and guide in spiritual practices, with many teachings about the bear related to the qualities of patience, strength, and healing. The Black bear clan are keepers of the medicine, as it was by watching the ways bears used the native plants that they also learned medicinal value of the traditional healing plants.
As holders of the medicine for healing, the initiated will often be called upon in ceremonies for guidance and protection. The bear’s role in the clan symbolizes a deep connection to nature and the cycle of life, with its hibernation representing renewal and transformation.
The bear also plays a prominent role in Anishinaabe astronomy, where the constellation known as the “Great Bear” (Ursa Major) represents an important guide in the night sky.
The Bear Stars: An Astronomical Connection
Even in the night sky, the bear weaves its magic with its representation. In Anishinaabe astronomy, the constellation Ursa Major is often referred to as the “Great Bear” or “Mishomis/Grandfather.” This is one of the most recognizable constellations which includes the Big Dipper.
It is believed that the stars of the Big Dipper represent the bear’s tail, with the stars of the handle depicting the bear’s legs. According to Anishinaabe stories, the Great Bear is constantly being chased around the sky by hunters. This myth is a reminder of the cyclical nature of life and the pursuit of balance and understanding.
How to Avoid Bear Encounters
While sightings of black bears can be an exciting experience, it’s important to exercise caution when venturing into bear country.
Trails usually have signs indicating the possibility of bear sightings, giving you the heads up to be fully present when walking in that environment, or in any natural space. This allows your natural instincts to kick in, we do still have that primordial link with nature, whether it be the sense of smell, the feeling of being watched or just a heightened awareness.
I experienced this first hand when entering a little used hiking side trail with better parking than the main trail. From the first step on the trail, I felt a sense of unease. The path seemed very overgrown, and although the markers on the trees were visible, the bush was thick and the path was disappearing. My instinct said no further, and I obeyed. It is so important to listen and trust that inner guardian we all possess. When in nature, become nature.
“Always respect Mother Nature. Especially when she weighs 400 pounds and is guarding her baby.”
James Rollins
Less than a minute out of the parking lot, two bear cubs lumbered across the road in front of me, from the side of trail where I would have been if I had continued on the path. I waited for them to cross, and noted that there was no sign of the mother.
Here are a few key tips to minimize the chances of an encounter:
- Make Noise: Bears are naturally cautious and will often avoid human contact. Make noise by talking, singing, or using a bear bell when hiking or walking through dense areas.
- Travel in Groups: Bears are less likely to approach a group of people. Always hike with a buddy, especially in bear territory.
- Stay on Marked Trails: Stick to well-trodden paths and avoid wandering into dense brush where bears might be feeding or resting.
- Store Food Properly: Never leave food or scented items in your tent or unsecured. Use bear-resistant containers or hang your food away from camp.
- Avoid Hiking at Dusk or Dawn: Bears are more active during these times, so try to plan your hikes during daylight hours.
What to Do if You Encounter a Bear
If you do come face-to-face with a black bear, it’s important to stay calm. Here’s what you should do:
- Do Not Run: It’s easy to say don’t run, but unless you are Usaine Bolt, its best to stay put. Running may trigger the bear’s chase instinct. Stay calm and slowly back away while keeping your eyes on the bear.
- Make Yourself Look Larger: Stand tall, raise your arms, and speak in a calm, assertive voice to make yourself seem larger and more intimidating.
- Use Bear Spray: If the bear approaches and you feel threatened, bear spray is the most effective tool to deter an aggressive bear. It can create a cloud of spray to stop the bear from coming closer.
- Climb a Tree or Find Shelter: Black bears can climb trees, but if there’s a large tree nearby, climbing it can provide a safe escape.
Useful Items for Bear Encounters
When venturing into bear territory, it’s wise to carry a few essential items to enhance your safety:
- Bear Spray: This is the most effective bear deterrent. Make sure you know how to use it before heading out.
- Bear Bells or Noisemakers: These noise tools help alert bears to your presence, reducing the chances of a surprise encounter.
- Bear-Resistant Food Containers: Essential for storing food and keeping it out of the bear’s reach.
- Flashlight: In case you’re caught in the dark, having a strong flashlight can help you avoid getting too close to a bear.
- First Aid Kit: Always bring a well-stocked first aid kit, including antiseptic, bandages, and other necessary supplies.
Final Thoughts
The black bear of Southern Ontario is more than just a symbol of the wild; it is a creature woven into the cultural and spiritual fabric of the region. Whether it’s through the hibernation cycles, its role in Anishinaabe culture, or its presence in the stars, the black bear teaches us important lessons about resilience, patience, and the balance of nature.
By respecting the black bears space and knowing how to stay safe, we can coexist peacefully with these majestic creatures. So, as you venture into the great outdoors, remember to carry the right tools, stay alert, and appreciate the black bear’s vital role in the ecosystem.
